Superfluidity, Interferometry and Entanglement with Bose-Einstein Condensates
Ultracold gases of bosonic atoms are optimal systems where to observe purely quantum phenomena. In particular, due to macroscopic coherence, brought in by Bose-Einsten condensation, combined with interparticle interaction, these Bose gases become superfluids. Moreover, thanks to the high degree of experimental control developed in recent years, many fundamental aspects of this state of matter have been observed. On the other hand, the same two ingredients providing superfluidity also render ultracold atomic Bose gases very promising systems where to implement a quantum interferometer: a device made for precision measurements (e. g. weak forces on micrometer length scales) with the best possible sensitivity allowed by Quantum Mechanics.